Even side effects that were uncommon during clinical trials may affect a relatively large number of people once vaccines are widely distributed, Perlman says. That’s a lot, but it’s a small fraction of the people who have been vaccinated in the U.S., now that 215 million doses have been administered. Each COVID-19 vaccine trial had to have at least 30,000 participants. There are bound to be more side effects observed and reported by the general population than are uncovered during a clinical trial, Perlman says. In rare cases, people have also developed shingles after COVID-19 vaccination, as small numbers of people do after taking other types of drugs, but those findings are preliminary. Others have experienced brain fog that feels akin to a marijuana high. A Moderna rep did not return requests for comment by press time.) There have also been reports of people developing rashes and other skin conditions, like so-called “ COVID arm,” after vaccination. A spokesperson for Janssen said menstrual changes were not tracked as part of its study. (In statements to TIME, a spokesperson for Pfizer said clinical trial participants did not report any menstrual changes. Menstrual changes may fall into that category, if conclusive evidence links them to the vaccines. In fact sheets describing each vaccine, manufacturers listed additional possible side effects-including diarrhea, joint pain, swollen lymph nodes, hives, rashes and facial swelling-and noted that there could be even more side effects beyond those specified. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists common COVID-19 vaccine side effects as pain, swelling or redness at the injection site fatigue headaches muscle pain chills fever and nausea. Most side effects are unpleasant but normal, whereas serious adverse events are potentially fatal issues that demand medical care.) (Perlman says he considers side effects different from serious adverse events, like the rare blood clots reported in connection with Janssen/Johnson & Johnson’s shot. They show that the body is responding to the shot and mounting an immune response. Food and Drug Administration’s vaccine advisory committee. Stanley Perlman, a professor at the University of Iowa’s Carver College of Medicine and a member of the U.S. Side effects-while temporarily uncomfortable-are a standard part of vaccination, says Dr. Even without scientific confirmation, their stories are drawing attention to the fact that vaccination side effects can be far more varied than what’s often discussed in the mainstream. As of mid-April, more than 19,000 people had reported similar experiences in a University of Illinois survey. While scientists have not confirmed that COVID-19 vaccines can cause menstrual changes like Abigail’s, she feels confident the shot was her trigger, since she experienced something similar after a probable case of COVID-19 last spring. “I had not heard a single person talking about it,” she says. But when she began experiencing heavy, “stupidly painful, debilitating” menstrual periods, she felt blindsided. The fever, body aches and fatigue she felt were nothing surprising. Abigail, a 29-year-old from New York City who asked to use a pseudonym to preserve her privacy, knew to expect some side effects after she got her second Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in February.
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